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Battery SOC & Voltage Reference

Open-circuit pack voltage at rest for each state of charge (SOC). Tables list from 100% full down to 0% empty so the color matches charge level.

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LiFePO4Lead-acidGel-typeAGM
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LiFePO4 (LFP)

SOC12V24V/25.6V48V/51.2V
100%14.6 V29.2 V58.4 V
90%13.8 V27.6 V55.2 V
80%13.4 V26.8 V53.6 V
70%13.32 V26.64 V53.28 V
60%13.2 V26.4 V52.8 V
50%13.08 V26.16 V52.32 V
40%12.88 V25.76 V51.52 V
30%12.6 V25.2 V50.4 V
20%12.2 V24.4 V48.8 V
10%11.4 V22.8 V45.6 V
0%10 V20 V40 V

LiFePO4 (LFP)

Open-circuit voltage (V) at each state of charge. Rows run from full to empty.

Charge level
100% full0% empty
SOC12V24V/25.6V48V/51.2V
100%14.6 V29.2 V58.4 V
90%13.8 V27.6 V55.2 V
80%13.4 V26.8 V53.6 V
70%13.32 V26.64 V53.28 V
60%13.2 V26.4 V52.8 V
50%13.08 V26.16 V52.32 V
40%12.88 V25.76 V51.52 V
30%12.6 V25.2 V50.4 V
20%12.2 V24.4 V48.8 V
10%11.4 V22.8 V45.6 V
0%10 V20 V40 V

Approximate values for typical 3.2 V nominal cells at rest. Merged columns represent equivalent LiFePO4 series groups: 24V/25.6V (8S) and 48V/51.2V (16S). Temperature, BMS, and brand will shift readings—use your manufacturer data when available.

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Lead-acid (flooded / AGM-style reference)

SOC12V24V/25.6V48V/51.2V
100%12.73 V25.46 V50.92 V
90%12.62 V25.24 V50.48 V
80%12.5 V25 V50 V
70%12.37 V24.74 V49.48 V
60%12.25 V24.5 V49 V
50%12.1 V24.2 V48.4 V
40%12 V24 V48 V
30%11.9 V23.8 V47.6 V
20%11.75 V23.5 V47 V
10%11.62 V23.24 V46.48 V
0%11.5 V23 V46 V

Lead-acid (flooded / AGM-style reference)

Open-circuit voltage (V) at each state of charge. Rows run from full to empty.

Charge level
100% full0% empty
SOC12V24V/25.6V48V/51.2V
100%12.73 V25.46 V50.92 V
90%12.62 V25.24 V50.48 V
80%12.5 V25 V50 V
70%12.37 V24.74 V49.48 V
60%12.25 V24.5 V49 V
50%12.1 V24.2 V48.4 V
40%12 V24 V48 V
30%11.9 V23.8 V47.6 V
20%11.75 V23.5 V47 V
10%11.62 V23.24 V46.48 V
0%11.5 V23 V46 V

Based on a 12 V resting-voltage curve; merged columns use 24 V and 48 V values (12 V × 2 and × 4). Verify with your battery manufacturer specs.

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Gel-type battery

SOC12V24V/25.6V48V/51.2V
100%12.68 V25.36 V50.72 V
90%12.52 V25.04 V50.08 V
80%12.38 V24.76 V49.52 V
70%12.26 V24.52 V49.04 V
60%12.14 V24.28 V48.56 V
50%12.02 V24.04 V48.08 V
40%11.9 V23.8 V47.6 V
30%11.78 V23.56 V47.12 V
20%11.66 V23.32 V46.64 V
10%11.52 V23.04 V46.08 V
0%11.4 V22.8 V45.6 V

Gel-type battery

Open-circuit voltage (V) at each state of charge. Rows run from full to empty.

Charge level
100% full0% empty
SOC12V24V/25.6V48V/51.2V
100%12.68 V25.36 V50.72 V
90%12.52 V25.04 V50.08 V
80%12.38 V24.76 V49.52 V
70%12.26 V24.52 V49.04 V
60%12.14 V24.28 V48.56 V
50%12.02 V24.04 V48.08 V
40%11.9 V23.8 V47.6 V
30%11.78 V23.56 V47.12 V
20%11.66 V23.32 V46.64 V
10%11.52 V23.04 V46.08 V
0%11.4 V22.8 V45.6 V

Approximate resting-voltage reference for 12 V gel batteries. Merged columns are scaled from 12 V to 24 V and 48 V equivalents. Actual voltage may vary by brand, age, and temperature.

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AGM battery

SOC12V24V/25.6V48V/51.2V
100%12.8 V25.6 V51.2 V
90%12.72 V25.44 V50.88 V
80%12.6 V25.2 V50.4 V
70%12.52 V25.04 V50.08 V
60%12.42 V24.84 V49.68 V
50%12.3 V24.6 V49.2 V
40%12.18 V24.36 V48.72 V
30%12.04 V24.08 V48.16 V
20%11.9 V23.8 V47.6 V
10%11.76 V23.52 V47.04 V
0%11.6 V23.2 V46.4 V

AGM battery

Open-circuit voltage (V) at each state of charge. Rows run from full to empty.

Charge level
100% full0% empty
SOC12V24V/25.6V48V/51.2V
100%12.8 V25.6 V51.2 V
90%12.72 V25.44 V50.88 V
80%12.6 V25.2 V50.4 V
70%12.52 V25.04 V50.08 V
60%12.42 V24.84 V49.68 V
50%12.3 V24.6 V49.2 V
40%12.18 V24.36 V48.72 V
30%12.04 V24.08 V48.16 V
20%11.9 V23.8 V47.6 V
10%11.76 V23.52 V47.04 V
0%11.6 V23.2 V46.4 V

Approximate resting-voltage reference for 12 V AGM batteries. Merged columns are scaled to 24 V and 48 V equivalents. Use your battery brand datasheet for exact values.

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